Moreover, nearly all commercially produced hydrogen now comes from natural gas—whose production will peak only a few years after oil begins its historic decline. Unconventional petroleum resources—so-called “heavy oil,” “oil sands,” and “shale oil”—are plentiful but extremely costly to extract, a fact that no technical innovation is likely to change.

The hard math of energy resource analysis yields an uncomfortable but unavoidable prospect: even if efforts are intensified now to switch to alternative energy sources, after the oil peak industrial nations will have less energy
available to do useful work — including the manufacturing and transporting of goods, the growing of food, and the heating of homes.

(GRAPH TWO)
U.S. energy consumption by source

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