Water is "the basis of life" and "the matrix of culture," Shiva notes. Her own nation derives its name from the river Indus. Water is naturally life-sustaining, but too little or too much of it can become life-threatening.

"The water crisis is the most pervasive, most severe, and most invisible dimension of the ecological devastation of the earth," contends Shiva. "We are currently facing a global water crisis, which promises to get worse over the next few decades," Shiva adds.

Water Wars documents the erosion of community control and the colonization of rivers by giant dams. Shiva exposes the ongoing destruction of the earth's resources and how the world's poor are stripped of their rights to the precious commons of good water, "It is the poorest people in the Third World who will be most severely affected by climate change, drought, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels."

Climate change is a primary cause of water shortages. Shiva writes about a cyclone in Orissa, India, that damaged 1.83 million homes and 1.8 million acres of paddy crops. It killed 300,000 cattle, and human casualties were around 20,000.